I spent last week in New Mexico on vacation – what a fascinating state. For example, did you know that per capita New Mexico has more PhD's than any other U.S. state? I guess this shouldn't be surprising given the fact that Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories are both located in New Mexico. In addition, New Mexico is home to many astronomical observatories and that probably bumps up the PhD count a notch or two. The Very Large Array, Apache Point Observatory and the National Solar Observatory / Sacramento Peak (Sunspot) are all located in New Mexico.
I visited both the National Solar Observatory / Sacramento Peak (Sunspot) and Apache Point last week and if you are ever in Southern New Mexico I would highly recommend visiting both observatories. They are next door to each other so a visit to both of them is easy. The nearest town is the village of Cloudcroft which is a very attractive and interesting mountain town. The drive to Sunspot is beautiful.
The National Solar Observatory (NSO) has three "Flagship Facilities", one of which is the Dunn Solar Telescope located on Sacramento Peak in Sunspot, New Mexico. There are actually several telescopes at Sunspot but the primary telescope is the Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (originally named the Vacuum Tower Telescope) which is shown on the left (you can click on this picture – or any of the others – to see a larger image.). This telescope is really quite unique. As you can see, the observatory – and the telescope – are tall (the building itself rises 136 feet (41.5 m) above ground and descends 228 feet (69.5 m) below ground). Light enters the telescope through a window at the top where it reflects off two 44" mirrors and then travels down a vacuum tube all the way to the bottom where it is reflected off of a 64 inch (163 cm) mirror and returned up the vacuum tube to ground level where it can be directed to various instruments. As I mentioned, the telescope is evacuated (i.e., it is a vacuum). If there was air in the tube it would be heated by the sun and cause distortion of the sun's image. Visitors are allowed into this building. You can see the ground floor laboratory but, as far as I know, visitors are not usually allowed upstairs or downstairs.
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